Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy S-Open and S-Closed Mappings

The concept of fuzzy set was introduced by Zadeh in his classical paper [1]. This concept provides a natural foundation for treating mathematically the fuzzy phenomena, which exist pervasively in our real world, and for building new branches of fuzzy mathematics. In the area of Fuzzy Topology, introduced by Chang [2], much attention has been paid to generalize the basic concepts of General Topology in fuzzy setting and thus a modern theory of Fuzzy Topology has been developed. In recent years, Fuzzy Topology has been found to be very useful in solving many practical problems. Du et al. [3] fuzzified the very successful 9-intersection Egenhofer model [4, 5] for depicting topological relations in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) query. In [6, 7], El Naschie showed that the notion of Fuzzy Topology might be relevant to quantumparticle physics and quantum gravity in connection with string theory and e∞ theory. Tang [8] used a slightly changed version of Chang’s fuzzy topological space to model spatial objects for GIS databases and Structured Query Language (SQL) for GIS. Levine [9] introduced the concepts of semi-open sets and semicontinuous mappings in topological spaces. Interestingly, his work found applications in the field of Digital Topology [10]. For example, it was found that the digital line is a T1/2-space [11], which is a weaker separation axiom based upon semi-open sets. Fuzzy Digital Topology [12] was introduced by A. Rosenfeld, which demonstrated the need for the fuzzification of weaker forms of notions of Classical Topology. Azad [13] carried out this fuzzification in 1981, and presented some general properties of fuzzy spaces. Several properties of fuzzy semi-open (resp., fuzzy semi-closed), fuzzy regular open (resp., closed) sets have been discussed. Moreover he defined fuzzy semicontinuous (resp., semi-open and semi-closed) functions and studied the properties of fuzzy semicontinuous function in product related spaces. Finally, he defined and characterized fuzzy almost continuous mappings. For related subsequent work in this direction, we refer to [14–27]. In this paper, our aim is to further contribute to the study of fuzzy semi-open and fuzzy semi-closed sets defined by Yalvac [26] by establishing several important fundamental identities and inequalities supported by counterexamples. Cameron and Woods [28] introduced the concepts of s-continuous mappings and s-open mappings. They investigated the properties of these mappings and their relationships to properties of semi-open sets. Khan and Ahmad [29] further worked on the characterizations and properties of s-continuous, s-open and s-closed mappings. We fuzzify the findings of [28, 29]. We define fuzzy s-open and fuzzy s-closed mappings and establish some interesting characterizations of these mappings.